Reproductive system
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What is puberty?
-The stage in a human life where sexual organs mature for reproductive purposes
When does puberty start?
9-14 for males 8-13 for females
What causes physical changes during puberty?
Chemicals called hormones
What releases hormones in the body?
-Endocrine glands -The pituitary gland releases hormones into the blood -Triggers testes and ovaries to release sex hormones
Vagina
-A tube that connects the uterus with the outside of the body
Menstruation day 1-5
-Endometrium linning breakes down and passes through the vagina -Ovum starts to mature in one of the ovaries
Menstruation day 6-14
-New layer of spongy tissue starts to develop on endometrium linning in the uterus -On day 14, ovum is released from ovary into the fallopian tube (ovulation)
Menstruation day 15-28
-Spongy tissue continues to get thicker -Ovam travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus (3-5 days) -When ovum is in fallopian tube, woman can fall pregnant
What is fertilization
-Fusion of a male sperm and a female’s ovum
Sperm + ovum =?
Zygote (conception)
Gestation period
-Time where foetus develops inside the uterus until it’s born
Where is a foetus kept, and why?
-Amniotic sac; filled with amniotic fluid -Protects the baby; shock absorber -Keeps it warm; prevnets in from drying out
What does the placenta do?
-Attached to uterus and supplies the foetus with nutrients -Keeps it alive and alows it to grow/develop
Functions of the umbilical cord
-Transports nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s blood into the blood of the foetus -Removes carbon dioxide and waste products from the foetus’s blood through the mother’s blood
What does oxytocin do
-A hormone released in the mother’s body which causes the uterus muscles to contract
What do contraceptives do?
-Prevent unwanted pregnancies
What is HIV/AIDS
-An incurable disease that attacks the immune system
What is gonorrhoea
-Caused by the Neisseria bacteria -Causes pain in the lower belly when peeing -Treated with antibiotics
What are genital herpes
-Causes a sore outbreak by the anal area -Incurable
What are genital warts
-Warts in the genital area -Develop in a cauliflower shape -Painless but can burn/itch -Incurable
What is syphilis
-Sores grow in the genital area -Caused by touching sores or warts during sex -Curable in early stages
changes in females during puberty
-Breats develop -Pubic hair grows -Menstruation starts -Body shape changes -Body odour occurs
Changes in Males during puberty
-Testicles and penis grow -Pubic hair -Voice deepens (larynx grows) -Body shape changes -Body odour and acne
What’s the function of the testes?
-They release testosterone that triggers the production of sperm