3.3.7 - Optical Isomerism + naming
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
aldehyydes functional group prefix and suffix
. O || —- C — H suffix -al prefix formyl
if 2 aldehyde groups then how is naming different
If two aldehyde groups then di is put before –al and an e is added to the stem. eg pentanedial
ketones func group prefix and suffix
. O || —-C—– suffix* -one prefix oxo
When ketones have 5C’s or more in a chain how is naming different
When ketones have 5C’s or more in a chain then it needs a number to show the position of the double bond. E.g. pentan-2-one
if 2 ketone groups how is naming different
If two ketone groups then di is put before –one and an e is added to the stem eg pentanedione
prefix oxo should be used for compounds…
The prefix oxo- should be used for compounds that contain a ketone group in addition to a carboxylic acid or aldehyde 2-oxopropanoic acid
carboxylic acid func group and suffix
. O || —-C—-OH suffix -oic acid
If there are carboxylic acid groups on both ends of the chain then it is called a …
dioic acid with an e after stem eg ethanedioic acid
nitriles func group, suffix and prefix
—C triple bond N suffix -nitrile prefix cyano
how to name nitrile w 4 carbons
butanenitrile C from CN is included in the name
amines func group, suffix and prefix
. | | —–C—-NH2 | | suffix* - -yl - amine prefix amino
2 ways of naming amine w 3 carbons for example
The exam board tend to use the common version where the name stem ends in -yl propylamine. Another version of the same chemical is propan-1-amine. (
when is the prefix amino used when naming amines
If there is another priority functional group as well as the amine group then the prefix amino is used. . H2N O \ // CH—C / \ H3C O - H 2-aminopropanoic acid.
if amine is secondary how is naming different
If the amine is secondary and has two alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen, then each chain is named and the smaller alkyl group is preceded by an –N which plays the same role as a number in positioning a side alkyl chain eg CH3CH2CH2NHCH3 N-methylpropylamine (common name) N-methylpropan-1-amine (other name)
if amine is tertiary how is naming different
If a tertiary amine similar rules apply, and each alkyl side group is given an N eg CH3CH2CH2 -N- CH3 | CH3
if 2 amine groups how is naming different
diamine is suffix eg hexane-1,6-diamine
esters func group, suffix and prefix + example
. || —C—O—- -yl –oate methyl ethanoate
Esters have two parts to their names The bit ending in –yl comes from the _______ that has formed it and is next to the single bonded ________. The bit ending in –anoate comes from the _______. (This is the chain including the C=O bond)
Esters have two parts to their names The bit ending in –yl comes from the alcohol that has formed it and is next to the single bonded oxygen The bit ending in –anoate comes from the carboxylic acid. (This is the chain including the C=O bond)
acyl chloride func group suffix and example
. O // — C -oyl chloride \ Cl eg ethanoylchloride
amide func group, suffix and example
. O // — C -amide \ NH2 ethanamide
how are secondary and tertiary amides named differently
Secondary and tertiary amides are named differently to show the two (or three) carbon chains. The smaller alkyl group is preceded by an –N which plays the same role as a number in positioning a side alkyl chain
name this O || H3C—CH2—C—NH—CH3
N-methylpropanamide
name this O CH3 || | H3C---CH2---C---N---CH3
N,N-dimethylpropanamide
acid anhydrides func group, suffix and example
. O // R — C \ O / R — C O -oic anhydride Ethanoic anhydride