Chapter 4
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What functions does salt serve in food ?
Flavor enhancer
What chemical compound is found in salt
Sodium chloride
Why was salt fortified with iodine ?
To reduce goiter ( thyroid gland )
How is salt manufactured
Salt is mined or evaporated from lakes
Iodized salt
Contains iodine
Kosher salt
Larger crystals
Sea salt
Few impurities
Curing salt
Contains sodium nitrate
Specialty salt
Appearance, sulfur flavor
What molecule gives peppercorns their taste ?
Piperine
Green peppercorns
Unripe and freeze dried
Black peppercorns
Fermented and dried
White peppercorns
Mature peppercorns
What molecule gives pepper their spiciness?
Capsaicin
What scale is used to measure heat levels ?
Scoville
Herb vs spice
Herb is made from plant leaves or stem Spice is made from plant bark or root
Essential oils vs extract
Essential oil is from skin like oranges Extract is ethanol based like vanillin
Natural vs artificial flavors
Natural is plant or animal derived Synthetic contains the same chemical constituents
What is msg
It’s a flavor enhancer than can be naturally found in cheese and tomatoes
Why is adulteration common in some seasonings
Results in cheaper prices to produce
What method can detect food fraud ?
DNA analysis