Chapter 14: Applications of Neutralization Titrations

TRUE or FALSE Solutions of HCl, HClO4, and H2SO4 are stable indefinitely. Restandardization is not required unless evaporation occurs.

widely used as standard solutions for titrating bases

TRUE or FALSE solutions of 0.1 M HCl can be boiled for as long as an hour without loss of acid, provided that the water lost by evaporation is periodically replaced

TRUE or FALSE 0.5 M solutions can be boiled for at least 10 minutes without significant loss

TRUE or FALSE Standard solutions of nitric acid is seldom used because of its oxidizing properties

To obtain most standard acid solutions, a solution of an approximate concentration is first prepared by diluting the concentrated reagent. The diluted acid solution is then standardized against a

TRUE or FALSE Primary-standard–grade sodium carbonate is available commercially or can be prepared by heating purified sodium hydrogen carbonate between 270C and 300C for 1 hour

is the most common base for preparing standard solutions, although potassium hydroxide and barium hydroxide are also used.

The effective concentration of the base is thus diminished by absorption of carbon dioxide, and a systematic error called the

TRUE or FALSE Carbonate ion in standard base solutions decrease the sharpness of end points and is usually removed before standardization.

is a nearly ideal primary standard. It is a nonhygroscopic crystalline solid with a relatively large molar mass (204.2 g/mol)

Several excellent primary standards are available for standardizing bases but most are ___________ that require the use of an indicator with a basic transition range

what bases are used for standardization of acids

TRUE or FALSE In solution as well as in the solid state, the hydroxides of sodium, potassium, and barium react rapidly with atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce the corresponding carbonate

TRUE or FALSE the presence of carbonate ions does not cause a carbonate error provided the same indicator is used for both standardization and analysis, which carbonate does, however, decrease the sharpness of end points and thus is removed before a solution of a base is standardized

TRUE or FALSE best method for preparing carbonate-free sodium hydroxide solutions is to vacuum filter the carbonate given its low solubility

TRUE or FALSE A tightly capped low-density polyethylene bottle usually provides adequate shortterm protection against the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide

is an excellent primary standard with a high molar mass per mole of protons. It is also a strong acid that can be titrated using virtually any indicator with a transition range between pH 4 and 10.

what acids are used in standardizing bases

are used to determine the many inorganic, organic, and biological species that possess acidic or basic properties

2 major types of end points

the potential of a glass/calomel electrode system is determined with a pH meter or another voltage measuring device

what elements that occur in organic and biological systems are conveniently determined by methods that have an acid-base titration as the final step

occurs in a wide variety of substances of interest in the life sciences, in industry, and in agriculture. Examples include amino acids, proteins, synthetic drugs, fertilizers, explosives, soils, potable water supplies, and dyes