Exam #2 Vocabulary

Enlargement of veins in scrotum can affect sperm production

if too thick can prevent sperm from traveling

migration of cells from surface to interior

Incubation within female reproductive tract (5-6 hrs primates) (1 hr mouse)

Allows sperm to dissolve through Corona Radiata and Zona Pellucida (involves hyaluronidase and acrosin enzymes)

species specific biding of sperm and egg

• Protein Kinase C • Inositol Tri Phosphate • Both secondary messengers cause Ca^2+ to release from E.R. and an increase in protein synthesis

• small amount of yolk • amphioxus and mammals

• moderate amount of yolk • amphibians and cyclostomes (lamprey), lung fish

• Large amount of yolk • most fish, reptiles, aves, and monotremes

even yolk distribution - most microlecithal eggs

uneven yolk distribution - most mesolecithal and macrolecithal eggs

Central yolk distribution - insects and arthropods

High protein Low fat - deposited during night - Latebra = Center - Nucleus of Pander = Flare @ blastoderm - Outermost layer of yolk always white

High fat - deposited during day

animals that lay or spawn their eggs ex. fish, amphibians, birds, monotremes, reptiles

animals that retain fertilized eggs in the mother’s body and living young are hatched or delivered (live birth) ex. in all groups except turtles, aves, crocodiles, cyclostomes

Mother’s body for protection, nutrients are stored in the egg which develops and hatches in mothers body ex. sharks and snakes

Embryo cannot survive without nourishment supplied by mother’s body ex. placental and marsupial mammals

animals that do not have extraembryonic membranes during their development ex. cyclostomes, fish, amphibians

animals that have extraembryonic membranes during their development ex. reptiles, birds, mammals

having cleavage planes that divide the egg into separate blastomeres

incomplete cleavage as a result of having a mass of yolk material present

cleavage direction pole to pole axis