Science Topic 7 test

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.

The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.

A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth.

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth

A naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition

A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again.

The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure.

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface.

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion.

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.

Which of the following can occur after a rock is weathered? a. it forms metamorphic rock b. it melts and forms igneous rock. c. The sediment can form magma. d. It gets compacted and forms sedimentary rock.

Energy that comes from the heat in Earth’s interior forms _______ rocks. a. igneous b. metamorphic c. sedimentary d. igneous and metamorphic

How can rocks be described? a. mineral composition b. color c. texture d. all of the above

Which of the following is not one of the five characteristics needed for a substance to be considered a mineral? a. definite chemical composition b. solid c. crystal structure d. smooth in texture

Evan examines a diagram of the rock cycle in his science textbook. He wonders how he can connect what he has learned about matter and energy to the rock cycle. Which statement explains what happens to material as it moves through the stages of the rock cycle? a. New matter is being created all of time b. The same matter is recycled over and over. c. Eventually the broken-down matter disappears d. Old matter is destroyed and new matter takes its place.

The movement of a fluid caused by differences in temperature that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to anohter is called_____________. a. seismic waves b. convention currents c. rock samples d. Luster

How do geologists study the unseen interior of Earth? a. direct evidence from rock samples b. indirect evidence from seismic waves c. both A and B d. none of the above

You can identify minerals based on the following property: a. streak b. luster c. cleavage & fracture d. all of the above

Maria gets a kit that lets you grow a mineral. The instructions say to pour a packet of liquid into a small container and to place the container in a sunny area. Maria follows the directions, and when the liquid evaporates, she observes tiny minerals that are left behind in the container. What is this process called? a. Oxidation b. Crystallization c. altering minerals d. organic mineral formation

Which of the following is not one of the ways that minerals can form? a. from organic processes b. from the materials dissolved in evaporating solutions of water c. from landslides d. when other minerals are heated and compressed.

How do minerals form? a. through inorganic processes b. when magma and lava cool and solidify c. when other minerals are heated and compressed which causes the material to deform d. all of the above