Week 4 - Muscle and Skeletal Tissue
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Describe four functions of muscle tissue
• Produce movement • Maintain posture and stabilise joints & body positions • Storing and moving substances in the body • Skeletal muscle contraction produces heat
What are three functional characteristics of muscle tissue?
• Electrical excitability • Contractility • Extensibility
Describe ‘Electrical excitability’
The muscle receives & responds to a stimulus which causes muscle action potentials which in turn cause muscle contraction
Describe ‘Contractility’
The ability of the muscle to contract when stimulated This enables tension to maintain a body position or causes the muscle to shorten to produce movement
Describe ‘Extensibility’
The ability of muscle to stretch without being damaged (within limits) and to return to its original shape after contraction or extension
Name the three types of muscle
• Cardiac • Smooth • Skeletal
Where is skeletal muscle located?
Attached to bones
What is the function of the skeletal muscle?
Produce skeletal movement
Where is Cardiac muscle located?
the Heart
What is the function of cardiac muscle?
Pump blood
Location of Smooth muscle?
Wall of blood vessels, GI tract, airways
Function of smooth muscle?
Regulates diameter of blood vessels and airways, propels food in GI (digestive) tract
What is a tendon?
Is a cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of a bone e.g. Achilles tendon
What is every cell muscle fibre supplied with?
A nerve ending that controls its activity
Muscle cells are also called…
Muscle fibres
What type of tissue do skeletal muscles contain?
Connective Tissue
Explain the process when skeletal muscles contract
• Shortens & pulls one of the articulating bones towards the other. • The proximal bone usually remains stationary (or near its original position) • The distal bone is pulled toward it
How does muscle contraction occur?
Through the movement of contractile proteins
What are the 2 contractile proteins?
• Thin Actin Filaments - Thick Myosin Filaments
What happens with the filaments when the muscles are at rest?
The filaments (contractile proteins) lie in a parallel arrangement with some overlap.
What happens with the filaments when the muscles contract?
Thin filaments are pulled past the thick filaments using ATP.
What is required to enable the binding of myosin to actin?
C02
What does muscle contraction require?
ATP
What is muscle tone?
When relaxed muscles are almost always slightly contracted