Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive
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we are made up of 4 atoms
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON)
subatomic particles
electrons, protons, neutrons
electrons
negatively charged don’t have much mass located in rings around an atom
protons
positively charged determines atomic number
neutrons
no charge
which two subatomic particles are in the center of an atom and makes up the atomic mass
protons + neutrons
what is a structural variation of the same element and is formed when the number of neutrons is altered?
isotopes
3 types of chemical bonding
Ionic, covalent, hydrogen
Ionic bonding
transferring electrons
covalent bonding
Sharing of electrons
hydrogen bonding
makes water liquid not true bond, more of a weak magnetic attraction
synthesis
the building or combining to make more complex molecules
Decomposition
breaking down molecules to make smaller and simpler molecules or its constituent ions
cation
ion with positive charge
anion
ion with negative charge
Properties of water
High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning
what property of water says that water can prevent sudden temp change (property of water)
high heat capacity
What is the property of water where high heat causes water loss through skin (cooling) (property of water)
high heat of vaporization
property of water where water dissolves ions in solution (property of water)
polar solvent properties
property of water involving dehydration and hydrolysis reactions
reactivity
property of water that provides protection for organs from trauma
cushioning
pH of blood
7.35 - 7.45 (below = acidic) (above = alkaline)
buffers
resist abrupt and large swings in pH
acids
donates protons