Module 4: Core Organic AS
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How do Monkeys help in naming alkanes?
Monkeys Eat Peanut Butter Politely Hurray is a Mnemonic which gives the initial letters for the first six alkanes: Methane; Ethane; Propane; Butane; Pentane; Hexane.
The structural formula of ethanol is …
…CH3CH2OH
What is the suffix of an aldehyde?
-al
What happens in Initiation? e.g in the reaction of an alkene with Bromine
• UV radiation provides the energy to break the covalent bond in a bromine molecule • The bond breaks by homolytic fission • Radicals are formed e.g- Br2 → 2Br•
What happens in Propagation? eg. In the reaction of Bromine with Methane
• The products of the reaction are made. Note that one reactant is a radical and one product is a radical. e.g- Br• + CH4 → CH3• + HBr CH3• + Br2 → CH3Br + Br•
What happens in Termination? eg. In the reaction of Bromine and Methane
• Any two radicals can combine e. g- CH3• + Br• → CH3Br Br• + Br• → Br2 CH3• + CH3• → CH3CH3
Which halogenoalkane produces a white precipitate when hydrolysed in the presence of silver nitrate?
Chloroalkane
What is the suffix of a carboxylic acid?
-oic acid
What is the difference between an Alkane and an Alkene?
Alkanes are saturated, they only have single bonds. Alkenes are unsaturated and contain C=C double bonds.
The molecular formula of ethanol is …
… C2H6O
what is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hyrdrocarbon which contains single bonds only
Which reaction turns an alkane into an alkene?
Cracking
Define empirical formula
The smallest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound eg: Molecular formula C5H10 has empirical formula CH2
What is the prefix for an Iodine containing compound?
iodo-
Which reaction turns an alkene into an alkane?
Hydrogenation
Which reaction turns an alkane into a haloalkane?
Radical substitution
The displayed formula for ethanol is …
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon which contains 1 or more carbon-carbon double bonds
Which reaction turns an alcohol into a ketone?
Oxidation
What does it mean if a Hydrocarbon is classed as Aliphatic?
The carbon atoms are joined in an Unbranched (straight) or Branched Chain.
What does it mean if a Hydrocarbon is classed as Alicyclic?
Carbons are joined in Ring (Cyclic) structures.
What does it mean if a Hydrocarbon is classed as Aromatic?
Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a Benzene Ring.
What is a Suffix and what is it used for?
• Added after the stem/name… E.g. -ol • Used to indicate different functional groups… E.g. Alcohols
What is a Prefix and what is it used for?
• Added before the stem/name… E.g. Iodo- • Used to indicate the presence of side chains or functional groups… E.g. Iodine Halogen (I)