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Differentiate between distance and displacement.
• Distance: total path length traveled • Displacement: shortest path from initial to final position Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity.
Differentiate between speed and velocity.
• Speed: scalar quantity (magnitude only) • Velocity: vector quantity (magnitude and direction) Speed does not include direction, while velocity does.
What is the average speed if you ran 3.1 miles in 0.50 hours?
6.2 miles per hour Average speed = total distance / total time.
If sound travels at a speed of 340 m/s, how long will it take to reach you if a lightning bolt strikes 16 m away?
0.047 seconds Time = distance / speed.
What are the four types of distance vs. time graphs you need to sketch?
• An object not moving • An object moving at a constant speed • An object speeding up • An object slowing down These graphs illustrate different motion scenarios.
List the different ways an object can accelerate.
• Increasing speed • Decreasing speed • Changing direction Acceleration can occur in various forms, not just speed changes.
Explain the difference between the slope on a distance vs. time graph and the slope on a velocity vs. time graph.
• Distance vs. time graph: slope represents speed • Velocity vs. time graph: slope represents acceleration The interpretation of the slope varies based on the type of graph.
What is the acceleration of an airplane that reaches a speed of 155 mi/hr in 0.0050 hr?
31,000 mi/hr² Acceleration = change in speed / time taken.
Differentiate between balanced and unbalanced forces.
• Balanced forces: equal in size and opposite in direction • Unbalanced forces: not equal, causing motion Balanced forces do not change an object’s motion, while unbalanced forces do.
What are the factors that affect inertia vs. momentum?
• Inertia: mass of the object • Momentum: mass and velocity of the object Inertia is a property of matter, while momentum is a product of mass and velocity.
Explain Newton’s First Law of Motion with a real-world example.
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force Example: A book on a table remains at rest until someone pushes it.
What is terminal velocity?
The constant speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance At terminal velocity, an object no longer accelerates.
If a box has a mass of 15.5 kg and is pushed with an acceleration of 24.2 m/s², what is the net force applied to the box?
374.1 N Net force = mass × acceleration.
If a force of 56 N is needed to accelerate an object at a rate of 7 m/s², what is the object’s mass?
8 kg Mass = force / acceleration.
How much momentum does a truck with a mass of 1,500 kg and a velocity of 32 m/s have?
48,000 kg·m/s Momentum = mass × velocity.
Define motion.
The change in position of an object over time.
What is a reference point?
A stationary object used to determine the position of another object.
Define distance.
The total path length traveled by an object in motion.
What is displacement?
The shortest distance from the initial to the final position, with direction.
True or false: Distance is a vector quantity.
FALSE Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector.
Define speed.
The rate at which an object covers distance, regardless of direction.
What is average speed?
Total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.
Fill in the blank: Speed is measured in _______.
meters per second (m/s)
True or false: Displacement can be zero.
TRUE Displacement is zero if the starting and ending points are the same.