3.1.3 Bonding

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Define ionic bonding

Back (Answer)

Electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer

Front (Question)

Ionic Bonding Metal atoms ___ electrons to form ___ ions

Back (Answer)

Metal atoms lose electrons to form +ve ions

Front (Question)

Ionic Bonding Non-metal atoms ____ electrons to form ___ ions

Back (Answer)

Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form -ve ions

Front (Question)

Simplest ions are…

Back (Answer)

single atoms which have lost/gained electrons to make full outer shell

Front (Question)

What are compound ions?

Back (Answer)

Ions that are made up of groups of atoms with an overall charge

Front (Question)

State the formula for a sulfate ion

Back (Answer)

SO42-

Front (Question)

State the formula for a hydroxide ion

Back (Answer)

OH-

Front (Question)

State the formula for a nitrate ion

Back (Answer)

NO3-

Front (Question)

State the formula for a carbonate ion

Back (Answer)

CO32-

#10

Front (Question)

State the formula for an ammonium ion

Back (Answer)

NH4+

#11

Front (Question)

Name the structure of ionic crystals

Back (Answer)

Giant Ionic Lattice

#12

Front (Question)

Sodium nitrate contains Na+ (1+) and NO3- (1-) ions. State the fomula of the sodium nitrate.

Back (Answer)

#13

Front (Question)

Magnesium chloride contains Mg2+ (2+) and Cl- (1-) ions. State the fomula of the magnesium chloride.

Back (Answer)

#14

Front (Question)

Name 3 physical properties of ionic compounds

Back (Answer)

• Conduct electricity only when they’re molten or dissolved • High melting points • Tend to dissolve in water

#15

Front (Question)

Why can ions conduct electricity when they’re molten or dissolved?

Back (Answer)

∵ ions in liquid are free to move and carry a charge

#16

Front (Question)

Why can’t ions conduct electricity when they’re in a solid?

Back (Answer)

∵ ions are in fixed position by strong ionic bonds

#17

Front (Question)

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

Back (Answer)

• Giant ionic lattices • Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions • Takes a lot of energy to overcome these forces

#18

Front (Question)

Why do ionic compounds tend to dissolve in water?

Back (Answer)

• Water molecules are polar • Part of molecule has a small negative charge and other bits have small positive charges • Charged parts pull ions away from lattice = causing it dissolve

#19

Front (Question)

Ionic bonding is stronger and melting points are higher when ions are… (2x)

Back (Answer)

smaller and/ or have higher charges

#20

Front (Question)

When do molecules form and how are they held together?

Back (Answer)

• Form when 2 or more atoms bond together • Held together by strong covalent bonds

#21

Front (Question)

What do single covalent bonds contain?

Back (Answer)

Shared pair of electrons

#22

Front (Question)

Describe covalent bonding

Back (Answer)

• Two atoms share electrons so they’ve both got full outer shells • Both postive nuclei are attracted electrostatically to shared electrons

#23

Front (Question)

Multiple covalent bonds contain…

Back (Answer)

multiple shared pairs of electrons

#24

Front (Question)

Draw methane, represent the covalent bonds by drawing lines

Back (Answer)