ch 12 osteichthyes
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what are oseichthyes
bony fishes
what are the two major groups of bony fishes
lobe finned fishes and ray finned fishes
examples of lobe finned fishes
lungfishes and coelacanths
ray finned fishes can be further divided into what two groups
soft rayed and spiny rayed bony fish
examples of soft rayed fish
cod, trout, herring
examples of spiny rayed fish
bass, groupers, reef fish
what are myomeres
bands of muscles in the body and tail of a fish that allow them to swim with a rhythmic side to side motion
how can fish move and swim
-use pectoral fins for maneuverability -can brake, hover, and change position -dorsal and anal fins act as rudders and provide stability
caudal fin shapes
round, truncate, forkes, lunate, heterocercal
fish body shapes
fusiform, compressiform, depressiform
how to fish maintain buoyancy
swim bladders
disadvantage of swim bladders
gas responds to changes in pressure by expanding and contracting
how do sharks maintain buoyancy
use constant movement with lift from their pectoral fins
how many pairs of gills do bony fish have
4
how many pairs of gills do cartilaginous fish have
5-7 pairs
lamellae
thin plates on gills that increase surface area and contain capillaries which counter current gas exchange
how are gills used to obtain oxygen
countercurrent exchange system
ram ventilation
mobile fish swimming with their mouths open to continuously move water passed the gills
spiracles
modified 1st pair of gills on carilaginous fish
what are spiracles used for
pumping water over gills
lateral line sensory system
-used to detect water displacement, movement, vibrations, and pressure gradients
chemoreception
smell and taste
ampullae of lorenzini
sensory organs in the head of cartilaginous fish that detect weak electrical fields
otoliths
ear stones