Ch 32
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (18)
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Law of conservation of energy
What is an isolated system?
No exchange of energy or matter with surroundings
What is a closed system?
Only energy exchanged with surroundings
What is an open system?
Both matter and energy are exchanged with surroundings
What are examples of state functions?
• T • P • V • Enthalpy (H) • Entropy (S) • Free Energy (G)
Internal energy can be defined as the sum of:
• ∆E system + ∆E surroundings - heat (q) + work (W)
Heat absorbed or released can be calculated via which equation
q = mc∆t
Isobaric processes occur in
Systems at constant pressure
Isochoric processes occur at
Constant volume
Isothermal processes occur when
Systems do not change temperature
Adiabatic processes occur when
There is no heat exchanged between systems and their surroundings
What is bond dissociation energy?
The energy needed to break a specific chemical bond in one mole of gaseous molecules
Bond breaking is always what kind of process?
Endothermic
What is the Gibbs Free Energy equation?
∆G = ∆H - T∆S
What happens when ∆H and ∆S are both negative?
Spontaneous at low temperatures
What happens when ∆H and ∆S are both positive?
Spontaneous at high temperatures
What happens when ∆H is negative and ∆S is positive?
Spontaneous at all temperatures
What happens when ∆H is positive and ∆S is negative?
Nonspontaneous at all temperatures