Special Senses
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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Sensory receptors
Highly modified dendrites
Sensory adaptation
Occurs when receptors become accustom to the stimulus. (Neutron ceases to fire and receptors become less sensitive)
Sclera
Supports and protects eye. (The white part)
Cornea
Refracts light towards the pupil. (Also acts as a protective covering)
Aqueous humor
A liquid that supplies the cornea with nutrients and refracts light
Choroid layer
Contains pigments that prevent scattering of light in the eye. Contains blood vessels that feed the different structures
Iris
Regulates the amount of light entering the eye
Vitreous body (humor)
Maintains the shape of the eyeball and permits light transmission to the retina. (Irreplaceable)
Lens
Focuses the image of the retina
Pupil
Functions as a hole in the iris. (Controls the amount of light the enters as well)
Retina
Thin inner layer of the eye containing the photoreceptors; rods and cones
Rods
Black and white shades 125 million All around retina Shares neurons
Cones
Detects color (RGB) 7 million Concentrated on fovea centralis Own neuron
Fovea centralis
Most sensitive area of the retina that contains only cones. (Used for fine reading; Keenest vision)
Blind spot
The area in which the optic nerve attaches to the retina. (There are no cones or rods)
Afterimages
Positive and negative
Positive afterimages
After looking at bright light, close eyes and light can still be seen
Negative afterimages
After looking at bright colors they will reverse in color when you look away
Refraction
As light goes through different mediums it slows or bends
How does the eye focus?
Muscles and ligaments control the shape of the lens
Accommodation
The adjustment of the lens to objects near and far
To see far
Muscles relax (lens is flat)
To see close
Muscles flex (lens oval)
The three different types of cones each have its own protein called _______, they are found in the retina. Each sensitive to one of the three primary colors.
Opsin