C7 Exercise and psychological well-being

Mood -A state of emotional or affective arousal of varying, and nor permanent, duration. Feelings of elation or happiness lasting several hours or even a few days are examples of mood.

• distraction from daily hassles and routine enhanced feeling of control feeling of competency Positive mood, social interactions Improved self-concept and self-esteem ->refers to a set of feelings experienced on a day-to-day basis. ->mood states can last for hours, days, weeks, or even months ->distinct from emotions - lasts longer, emotions are feelings generated in response to specific events, lasting for minutes, hours ->Can be positive (happiness, vigour) and negative (anger, anxiety, depression, fatigue)

C.7.2 Outline the effects of exercise on changing moods states ->Research suggests exercise is one of the most effective methods of alleviating a bad mood It supports the use of exercise in modifying fatigue, anger, anxiety, depression Vigour Clear thinking Improves sleep quality Energy Increase Sense of well-being, enhances self-esteem Positive effects on women’s experiences of menstruation, pregnancy and menopause (increases endorphins, norepenphrine (= improved circulation), and serotonin (= less depression & anxiety) ->May apply both to healthy individuals and to those with disease and disability

exercise can be used as treatment nature of the exercise programme (enjoyable, aerobic, rhythmic, absence of interpersonal competition, closed and predictable environment) 20-30 minutes, several times per week stress relief

ENVIROMENTAL: Social environment (feelings that there is no one to exercise with) Physical environment (perceptions of being too old or too fat) Characteristics of physical activity (lack of enjoyment of a particular exercise) Social and cultural norms

“Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy and poor concentration.

Environmental approaches - prompts, contracting, perceived choice Reinforcement approaches - rewards for attendance and participation, external feedback, self-monitoring) Goal Setting - associative vs. dissociative focus during exercise Social support - role of others (spouse, family members, friends), including joining in, adjusting routines, transportation, providing equipment

Negative addiction - life choices and relationship issues –> can cause death or cardio/resp. problems increased tolerance to exercise, subjective awareness of compulsion to exercise adverse mood states with withdrawal