Equilibrium - 5th
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what are reversible chemical reactions?
they can go backwards as well as forwards
example of a reversible reaction
the decomposition of N2O4
what does whether a reversible reaction go forwards or backwards depend on?
the amount of reactants and products and the conditions (such as temperature and pressure)
what does the decomposition of the above reaction show?
• forwards (colourless to brown) • backwards (brown to colourless)
what is the enthalpy change for a reversible reaction?
• refers to the forwards reaction • for the backwards reaction, delta h is the same
what is the dehydration of copper sulfate?
• a classic reversible reaction • CuSO4 . 5H2O <-> CuSO4 + 5H2O
how to make the reaction of the dehydration of copper sulfate go forwards?
• you heat hydrated copper sulfate (CuSO4 . 5H2O) • the crystals turn from blue to white as they lose all their water
how to make the reaction of the dehydration of copper sulfate go backwards?
• you add water to anhydrous copper sulfate (CuSO4) • the white powder absorbs the water and turns blue in the process
what is another example of a reversible reaction?
• the thermal decomposition of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) • NH4Cl (s) <-> NH3 (g) + HCl (g)
how do you make the reaction go forwards?
• you heat NH4Cl (s) • nothing appears to change, because NH3 and HCl are both colourless gases
how do you make the reaction go backwards?