Module 4b Drug Availability
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What is a Lewis Acid? What is a Lewis Base?
Lewis acid accept electrons Lews base donate electrons
What is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid? What is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?
Proton donor Proton acceptor
What is a strong acid? Examples?
Completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water. HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4
What is a weak acid? Examples?
Partially ionized when dissolved in water. HF, H2CO3, H3PO4, organic acids, carboxylic acids, protonated drugs
Strong Acids have _______ conjugate bases. Weak Acids have _____________ conjugate bases.
Weak Strong
Equilibrium favors the _____________ acid.
Weaker
What is a strong base? Examples?
Completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water. LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
What is a weak base? Examples?
Partially ionize when dissolved in water. Mg(OH)2, transition metal hydroxides, NH3 (amines)
What is a term for something that can act as either an acid or a base?
Amphoteric. Water can do this.
What does acid strength depend on? What can be used to measure acid strength?
The ability of the group to give up a proton. The Ka, the acid dissociation constant and pKa.
What does a large Ka tell you?
The larger the Ka, the easier it is to remove the proton. (more acidic)
What is the formula for Ka?
Concentration of products / Concentration of reactants
What is considered acidic on the pKa scale?
-25 to -20 (acidic)
What is the pKa of water?
15.6
What is considered not acidic on the pKa scale?
30 to 60 (not acidic)
What is Molarity?
Moles of solute/ Liter of solution
What is Weight Percent?
(Mass of solute/ mass of solution) x 100%
What is Volume Percent?
(Volume of Solute/ Volume of Solution) x 100%
Which way will equilibrium go if you add HCl to a weak acid/conjugate base? Which way will equilibrium go if you add NaOH to a weak acid/ conjugate base?
Shift Left Shift Right
Which way will equilibrium go if you add HCl to a weak base/conjugate acid? Which way will equilibrium go if you add NaOH to a weak base/conjugate acid?
Shift Right Shift Left
