B6.3 Digestion
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Identify the types of human teeth
(incisors, canines, premolars and molars)
Describe the structure of human teeth
enamel, dentine, pulp cavity, nerves, and cement, as well as the gums
Describe the functions of the types of human teeth in mechanical digestion of food
The teeth chew food which then makes it easier to swallow. The surface area of food is increased and can help the enzymes to catalyze the reactions needed for chemical digestion.
Describe the proper care of teeth in terms of diet and regular brushing
Avoid sugary food and drinks between meals clean your teeth at least twice a day replace your toothbrush every 4 months visit the dentist regularly every 6 months
State the significance of chemical digestion in the alimentary canal in producing small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed
learn
amylase breaks down starch to
sugars
protease breaks down protein
acids
lipase breaks down fats to fatty acids and
glycerol
State where, in the alimentary canal where amylase is made
salivary gland
State where, in the alimentary canal where protease are secreted
pancreas to small intestine
State where, in the alimentary canal where lipase are secreted
pancreas
State the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice,
killing bacteria in food and giving an acid pH for enzymes
Explain the functions of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to the low pH:
–– denaturing enzymes in harmful microorganisms in food –– giving the optimum pH for protease activity
What is the role of the bile in neutralising
in neutralizing the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action
What is the role of the bile in emulsifying
emulsifying fats to increase the surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
Explain the significance of villi in increasing the internal surface area of the small intestine
They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream.
Describe the structure of a villus
Thin epithelium on the outside, lacteal (absorbs fatty acids and glycerol, blood capilary(absorbs glucose and amino acids)
State the causes of dental decay
Tooth decay occurs when foods containing carbohydrates become trapped between teeth and are not completely removed with brushing and flossing, the bacteria respiring sugars in the food, producing acid which dissolves the enamel and dentine