Genetic Terms

2 homologous pairs joined together (4 chromatids, 2 centromeres)

Chromosomes of the same type are lined up in Meiosis

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another.

The failing of homologous chromosome or sister chromatids to separate correctly in cell division.

The chromosome number of the gametes of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Half the species diploid number

The chromosome number of somatic cells of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) is Twice the species haploid number.

Term used to describe DNA. The top and bottom are twisted in different directions

Scientists that discovered the Twisted Double Helix

Forms the structural framework of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

A and T and G and C

The letter combination that shows which alleles are present in a organism

The actual appearance of an expressed trait.

The gene that codes for a trait that is visible or always expressed

The gene that codes for a trait that’s invisible or expressed only when 2 recessive alleles are present.

Variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule

A genotype showing 2 identical alleles, AA or aa

A genotype showing 2 different alleles, Aa

A square diagram to predict the genotypes of a particular cross breeding

Not mixed types in the breeding, the offspring is the same as both parents

Off spring of 2 animals or plants of different subspecies, breeds or varieties

Traits passed down from parents to there offspring

A calculated chance of something occurring or not occurring.

Male gametes are in the tiny pollen grains on the anthers of the flower. Female gametes are found in the ovules of the flower.