APES Quiz 2 (1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8)

An organism that uses energy from the sun to produce usable forms of energy. Producers include plants, algae, and some bacteria.

An organism that is incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms.

The sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumers

A complex model of how energy and matter move between trophic levels

The successive levels of organisms consuming one another

A species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community

The 10% rule approximates that as energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, only about 10% of the energy is passed on. The loss of energy that occurs when energy moves from lower to higher trophic levels is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat.

Native species live in their historical range, typically where they have lived naturally for thousand or millions of years. Native species are well-adapted to their environment and can thrive without much help.

Invasive species are species that can live, and sometimes thrive, outside of their normal habitat. They often spread rapidly across large areas. Invasive species can sometimes be beneficial, but they are considered invasive when they threaten native species.

A species that is in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time

The number of individuals per unit area at a given time

A description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

A factor that influences an individual’s probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population

A factor that has the same effect on an individual’s probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size

A resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size

The limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain

When a population becomes larger than the environment’s carrying capacity

A rapid decline in a population due to death

A graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age

A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity

A species that had a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs

representative of the exponential growth model

representative of the logistic growth model