Fundamentals Of Computer Systems

Physical component of a computer system

Instructions that tell a computer what to do

Allows the user to operate a computer

Used to carry out tasks that are user oriented

Compiler Operation system

Web browsers Database software

To hide the complexities of the hardware from the user

Resource management Managing hardware to allocate processors Memories I/O devices

Machine code Assembly language

Written in binary and can be executed without needing to be translated

Written using mnemonics and needs to be translated in order to be executed

Imperative high level language

Doesn’t need a translator to translate code Harder to find or amend errors and all the memory addresses have to be remembered which leads to program errors

Easier to correct errors and amend instructions More compact It’s machine dependant and you must directly control the exact instruction sequences the processor executes

When instructions are executed in a programmer defined order

A program translating high level language by reading each statement in the source code and immediately performing the action

A program that translates high level language into machine code by translating all of the code

Program that translates from code written in assembly language code into machine code

compiler - produces machine code and translates the whole source code into machine code Interpreter - does not produce any object code and translates the source code one at a time into machine code

Source code - written in high level language code and east to modify and read Object code - written in machine language and difficult to read and modify

high level languages require the use of a compiler of an interpreter for their translation into the machine code. low level language requires an assembler for directly translating the instructions of the machine language.