theory

• fixed volume and shape • high density • atoms vibrate in position (but cant change location • particles are packed very closely together in a fixed and regular pattern • unable to be compressed

• fixed volume but adopt shape of the container • less dense than solids more dense than gases • particles move and slide past each other (flow freely) (still touching) • unable to be compressed • randomly arranged

• no fixed volume and adopt shape of container • low density • gas can be compressed into a smaller volume • particles move randomly and far apart around 500m/2 in all directions • collide with each other and sides of container (creating pressure)

when liquid turns into gas

when a solid turns into liquid

liquid turns into GAS

when liquid turns to solid

when a gas turns into a liquid

temp = directly proportional leads to more pressure so pressure is directly proportional to temp

the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower region of concentration due to the random motion of particles (no energy required) until equilibrium is reached

24dm^3

more molecular mass = slower diffusion particle is heavier therefore slower

a pure substance made of atoms that all contain the same number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler

a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined (cannot be separated into their elements by physical means)

a combination of two or more substances (elements/compounds etc) that are not chemically combined. can be seperated by physical methods such as filtration of evaporation

central nucleus containing neutrons and protons surrounded by electrons in shells

+1

0 or nil

-1

1

1

1/1840

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom