5. parasitic life cycles
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what do some parasites require?
Some parasites require only one host to complete their life cycle
what is malaria caused by?
The human disease malaria is caused by Plasmodium
what do many parasites require?
Many parasites require more than one host to complete their life cycle
what does a vector do?
A vector plays an active role in the transmission of the parasite and may also be a host
what causes schistosomiasis?
Schistosomes cause the human disease schistosomiasis
what are viruses?
Viruses are parasites that can only replicate inside a host cell
what do viruses contain?
Viruses contain genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA, packaged in a protective protein coat
what are viruses surrounded by?
Some viruses are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane derived from host cell materials
what does the outer surface of a virus contain?
The outer surface of a virus contains antigens that a host cell may or may not be able to detect as foreign
what is the viral life cycle?
infection of host cell with genetic material, host cell enzymes replicate viral genome, transcription of viral genes and translation of viral proteins, assembly and release of new viral particles
what do RNA retroviruses use?
RNA retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to form DNA, which is then inserted into the genome of the host cell
what then happens to viral genes?
Viral genes can then be expressed to form new viral particles