Oil pollution

-ships bumping into oil -oil spills-pipelines, barges, storage facilities, shipping tanks -damage to pipelines -discharge of oil from washing out of shipping containers -balance water ships take, when water pumped out oil can also be pumped out -build up of pressure own trial spilling (if not got correct info of volume of water) -natural production of non petroleum hydrocarbons by marine plankton

-in sea, polluted water kills aquatic organisms -damage to coral, blocks out light to can not photosynthesise killing aquatic organisms -less dissolved O2 on sea -production of sea food polluted

-Improved tanker operations: • strict with shipping roots, keeping them away from land • designated shipping routes so in deep enough water • improved navigation systems, use of GPs avoiding collisions • ships allow us AIS (automatic identification system) tracks position of ship to avoid collisions • keeping oil tanks and water balance tanks separate to avoid mix up -safe disposals of oil tanks

-most new ships made with double null (second layer) -so if outer layer broke second layer there for safety -twin engines, twin etc so if something fails the ship doesn’t sink or drift to land and spill oil -having oil water tanks separate, not using them interchangeably

natural remediation- bioremediation-bacteria naturally breaks down oil -not fast but thorough and can be enhanced

-containment booms: barrier below surface has a skirt and collects oil -polymerising agents: attract soil, adsorb oil, oil particles clumps together and becomes a solid so easily adsorbed -skimmers: skims top layer of oil of ocean -bioremediation: bacteria that naturally breaks down oil -absorbents: wood staw products, absorb oil and leave water -dispersants: washing up liquid, break up oil, doesn’t make it disappear but reduces effects