physiology

both channels closed

K+ & Na+ channels open

Na+ channels close, K+ channels open, K+ leaves, cell becomes negative

both gates close and potassium channel is slow, causing hyperpolarization

closing Na+ gates

clustered ion channels between Schwann cells of myelin

releases neurotransmitters

receives cell

gap between axon synaptic terminal and next cell

neurotransmitter releasers

Ca+2 influx due to action potential reaching synapse Vesicles fuse w/membrane, release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft Neurotransmitters go to receptors on postsynaptic neuron Sodium channels open, sodium rushes in, depolarization occurs Excitatory neurotransmitters cause the cell to become “excited” Neurotransmitters are degraded and taken back in the cell

volume of air in lungs after max inhale

volume of air exhanged via normal breathing

volume of air can be exchanged by lungs thru max inhale/exhale

volume of air always in lungs

volume of air able to be inspired w max effort after norm inhale

measuring volume/speed/flow at which air can be inhaled/exhaled

light, temp, humidity, wind

convey blood at high pressure from ventricles to tissues thick elastic tissue + smooth muscle to withstand high bp

exchange material between blood and tissues (deliver o2 + pick up cell waste) thin walls, permeable, large sa

collect blood at low pressure from tissues and return to atria valves, thin connective tissue, thin smooth muscle

o2 & nutrients

narrowing of coronary arteries can be caused by: -high blood concentration of LDL -trans fat consumption diabetes -chronic high bp -infections

narrowing/hardening of arteries due to atheroma tissue