Ch - 3 Ions, Ionic Bonding & Lattice Structure of Ionic compounds.
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What is an ion?
An electrically charged atom, or group of atoms formed by the gain or loss of electrons.
How does an atom become stable?
By losing or gaining electrons.
How is the ionization of metals?
• Lose electrons • Forms cations
How is the ionization of non-metals?
• Gain electrons • Forms anions
When is an ionic bond formed?
Metal atoms react with non-metal atoms.
How are the ions held together?
Positive and negative ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between opposite charges.
What is this force of attraction between opp charges called?
Ionic bonds
Which diagram shows the arrangement of the outer shell?
Dot & Cross diagram.
What are the properties of a dot n cross diagram?
• Only outer electrons are shown. • Brackets are used and the charge is written on the top right.
What type of structure do ionic compounds have?
Giant lattice
What type of arrangement do lattice structures refer to?
Arrangement of atoms of a substance in 3D space.
How are atoms arranged in a lattice structure?
• Ordered • Repeating • Regular arrangement • Alternating +ve & -ve ions
What are the properties of Ionic Compounds?
• Solid crystal at room temp. • High m.p. & b.p. • Hard & brittle • Rarely burn • Good conductor of electricity in a molten state or solution.
Why do ionic compounds have High m.p. & b.p. ?
• Strong electrostatic forces between opp charges. • More energy required to break bonds.