Exercise 12: Animal Forms
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Identify the common and the scientific name of the model organism used in the experiment.
cane toad (Rhinella marina)
Describe the skin texture on the ventral side of a cane toad.
leathery and soft
Describe the skin texture on the dorsal side of the cane toad.
pocked with protuberances
It refers to the apex of the triangular head.
snout
It refers to the pair of openings on the snout.
nostrils (external nares)
It is located at the dorso-lateral side of the head.
bulging eyes
It is located ventral to the snout.
mouth
It protects the bulging eyes.
upper and lower eyelids
It is located posterior to each eye, appearing as a flat, round patch.
tympanum (eardrum)
It is located at the anterior end of the trunk, posterior and dorsal to the tympanum.
parotoid gland
It is located at the posterior end of the trunk, which lies between the origin of the legs.
cloacal opening
Enumerate the 3 segments of the forelimbs.
• upper arm • forearm • manus
Which segment of the forelimb is at the proximal end?
upper arm
Which segment of the forelimb is distally further?
manus
The manus is composed of how many segmented digits?
4
Enumerate the 3 segments of the hindlimbs.
• thigh • shank • pes
Which segment of the hindlimb is at the proximal end?
thigh
Which segment of the hindlimb is distally further?
pes
TRUE or FALSE: The pes of a toad is webbed; the toes are mainly connected by membranous extensions of the skin.
True
It refers to the central region of a sea star.
disc
TRUE or FALSE: Sea stars display a simple pentamerous or five-rayed plan.
True
It refers to the bottom surface of a sea star.
oral side
It refers to the top surface of a sea star.
aboral side
On which side is the mouth of a sea star located?
bottom (oral) side