Swine
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total head
china**, united states, brazil, spain, germany
total production
china, united states, germany, spain, brazil
united states head
iowa, minnesota, north carolina, illinois, indiana montana ranks 23rd in US
industry structure
tons of small producers- low percent of inventory few large producers- high percent of inventory
integrated swine production
economies of scale control and efficiency (genetics, nutrition, environment, health, labor) scheduled product flow branded products consolidated ownership
pigs per litter
litter size increases as operation size gets larger
considerations and concerns of industry
economics and cost of production genetics- performance and meat quality facilities-many types ventilation- air quality manure management marketing societal issues- animal welfare, operation size biggest costs: nutrition and feeding- amino acids herd health management biosecurity -disease prevention
terminal breeds
mainly for meat production, sire breeds
berksire
black breed with white points
chester white
white with down ears, ears come out from head
hampshire
distinctive belt
landrace
white with down ears, ears run parallel to head -droopy
yorkshire*
white breed with erect ears, most popular breed
sire breeds
great muscling, growth rate, carcass characteristics, dark-colored breeds Duroc- red breed, marbling niche, calm disposition Berkshire- black breed with lighter points, muscle quality/flavor niche, “Certified Berkshire Gold” branding- 1st breed to brand in prok industry Hampshire- belted breed, large, heavy muscled, muscle volume niche Spotted- fast grow rate, efficient Poland China- “
maternal breeds
concentionrate/prolificacy, litter size, litter weight, milk production, mothering, white-colored breeds Yorkshire- most popular in US and Canada, extrememly maternal, white breed with erect ears, has good carcass traits Landrace- white breed with down ears, large litters Chester White- large litters
young female
gilt bred at 8 months first litter at 12 months (114 day gestation, 3/3/3)
mature female
sow
intact male
boar, meat is not that good- hormones cause different flavor
castrated male
barrow
farrow/farrowing
give birth
litter
8-12 siblings born at the same time average- 10.75 pigs/litter typical 2-2.5 litters/sow/year typical 20-25 pigs/sow/year
wean
remove from sow at 3-5 weeks (12-20lbs)
SEW/ISOWEAN
segregated early wean or early wean (10-21 days) lactation is a huge stress- stopping lactation allows sow to return to production need really strong healthcare for piglets
piglet
young typically still nursing