lipids and membranes
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what are non-essential fatty acids?
synthesised by your body
give examples of non-essential fatty acids
oleic acid palmitic acid stearic acid
what are essential fatty acids?
fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet
give examples of essential fatty acids
omega 6 (linoleic acid) omega 3 (alpha linoleic acid)
where can you get linoleic acid from?
sunflower or olive oil
where can you get alpha linoleic acid from?
seeds and nuts
which end of the fatty acid is the omega end?
methyl end
what is another name for omega-9?
oleic acid
why is oleic acid considered a non-essential fatty acid?
we have the desaturase enzyme to induce the double bond at carbon 9
why are fatty acids an efficient store of energy?
1g fatty acid = 6g of glycogen
how are triglycerides stored?
fat droplets monolayer
how are triglycerides used when energy is needed by the body?
hydrolysis splits it into glycerol and three fatty acids FAs bind to albumin carry it to the muscles which then use it for energy
whats a sphingolipid?
like a triglyceride, but a serine instead of glycerol and two fatty acids instead of one
what is the structure of a glycolipid?
two long hydrocarbon chains attached to one or more sugars
what do glycolipids do?
surface of all plasma membranes needed in cell to cell contact protects cell from a hostile environment
what’s the difference between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids?
spingolipids are more saturated - straighter and pack more tightly together
what happens when you add cholesterol to glycerophospholipids?
makes the membrane less fluid
what happens when you add cholesterol to sphingolipids?
makes the membrane more fluid
what are lipid rafts?
when sphingolipids and cholesterol self-associate to creat lipid rafts which membrane proteins can dock
do glycerophospholipids tend to be on the inside or outside of the membrane and why?
inside because they’re negative
do sphingolipids tend to be on the inside or outside of the membrane?
outside
what is cholesterol a precursor to?
bile salts vitamin D steroids sex hormones
where is cholesterol converted to bile?
in the liver
how is cholesterol carried around the blood?
lipoproteins