Exam 1
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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7 reasons that make the earth unique:
1) slightly enriched with radioactive elements 2) a metallic core and a magnetic field 3) enriched with oxygen 4) a goldilocks planet 5) an atmosphere in chemical disequilibrium 6) sustains life 7) tectonically active
An approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.
Pragmatism
What does the Goldilocks principle state?
That something must fall within certain margins, as opposed to reaching extremes.
An empirical rule or statement which is generally true.
Law
Tentative explanation of an observation/pattern which has been observed in nature
Hypothesis
An explanation of a natural phenomenon with a broad range of significance and application.
Theory
An approach that assesses the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.
Pragmatism
An empirical rule or statement which is generally true.
Law
Tentative explanation of an observation/pattern which has been observed in nature.
Hypothesis
An explanation of a natural phenomenon with a broad range of significance and application.
Theory
A basic statement established by experiment or observation.
Fact
A statement that is not scientifically provable in the same way as facts, laws, hypothesis, or theories.
Belief
What is the relationship between the coastlines on the east side of the Atlantic and those on the west side?
Continents on the east side could fit snugly against those on the west.
When Wegener compared rock units now exposed on different continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean, what did he discover?
Fossils of identical land-dwelling species occur on continents that are now separated from one another by the ocean.
Why did most geologists initially oppose Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift?
Wegener could not explain how or why continents move.
Keeping in mind the shape of magnetic field lines in space around the earth, which of the following is true? A. Averaged over time, magnetic inclination is constant everywhere on the earth’s surface. B. Magnetic inclination is approx. 45 degress at the equator and 0 degrees at the poles. C. Magnetic inclination is approx. 90 degrees at the equator and 45 degrees at a latitude of 45 degrees. D. Magnetic inclination is approx. 0 degrees at the equator and 90 degrees at the poles.
D. Magnetic inclination is approx. 0 degrees at the equator and 90 degrees at the poles.
A lithospheric plate consists of:
The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
Today, what is the favored explanation of apparent polar-wander paths?
Continents drift with respect to relatively fixed magnetic poles.
What is the difference between a “passive continental margin” and an “active continental margin”?
Passive margins are not plate boundaries, whereas active margins are.
In which of the following pairs of terms does the second term represent the type of process that happens at the first term? A. Mid-ocean ridge/ sea-floor spreading B. Convergent boundary/ plates move apart C. Transform boundary/ plates move together D. Mid-ocean ridge/ subduction
A. Mid-ocean ridge/ sea-floor spreading
Which of the following statements about a hot-spot track is correct? A. The track is perpendicular to the direction that the plate on which the volcanoes form is moving. B. Hot spots tracks are parallel to deep ocean trenches. C. The youngest volcano of the track occurs at one end of the track. D. All of the volcanoes making up the track have erupted at roughly the same time.
C. The youngest volcano of the track occurs at one end of the track.
Which of the following statements concerning the forces that drive plate motions is correct? A. Ridge-push and slab-pull forces have the greatest influence on the velocity of plate motion. B. Movement of oceanic currents causes the underlying plates to move. C. Plate movement occurs primarily because of simple convection cells in the mantle. D. Plates move in response to centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the earth.
A. Ridge-push and slab-pull forces have the greatest influence on the velocity of plate motion.
Where do deep focus earthquakes occur?
Convergent boundaries
How was the moon formed?
Formed early in the history of the solar system as a result of a collision between a protoplanet and the earth.