C1 - States of Water
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Describe the arrangement of molecules in solid ice
Molecules are close together Molecules vibrate in a fixed position
Which state of water has molecules that are close together and vibrate in a fixed position?
Solid ice
Describe the arrangement of molecules in liquid water
Molecules are close together Molecules can move by sliding past other molecules
Which state of water has molecules that are close together and can move by sliding past other molecules?
Liquid water
Describe the arrangement of molecules in gaseous steam
Molecules are far apart and able to move freely
Which state of water has molecules that are far apart and able to move freely?
Gaseous steam
Describe the strength of the intermolecular forces in solid ice
Strong intermolecular forces
Describe the strength of the intermolecular forces in liquid water
Weaker than in ice, stronger than in steam
Describe the strength of the intermolecular forces in gaseous steam
Almost no intermolecular forces
How is the kinetic energy of molecules related to their temperature?
The more kinetic energy molecules have, the higher their temperature
In which state do water molecules have the least energy?
Solid ice
In which state do water molecules have the most energy?
Gaseous steam
What happens the molecules in solid ice when its temperature is increased?
The energy of the molecules increases and they vibrate more quickly
Why doesn’t the temperature of solid ice change when it is melting?
All of the energy is being used to break intermolecular forces between the molecules in ice
What happens the molecules in liquid water when its temperature is increased?
The energy of the molecules increases and they move around more quickly
Why doesn’t the temperature of liquid water change when it is boiling?
All of the energy is being used to break intermolecular forces between the molecules in water
What happens the molecules in gaseous steam when its temperature is increased?
The energy of the molecules increases and they move around more quickly
What is the latent heat of vapourisation?
The energy required to boil (vapourise) one kg of water
What is the name given to the amount of energy required to boil (vapourise) one kg of water
Latent heat of vapourisation