Amount of substance
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What is amount of substance
The quantity which unit is the mole
What is a mole
The amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in 12g of carbon12
What’s avogadro constant
The number of particles in one mole of any substance
What’s an equation linking mole, avogadro & particles
Mole = particles / avogadro
What’s an equation linking mole, avogadro , number of ions & number of ions in formula
number of ions = mole x avogadro x num of ion in formula
What is molar mass
The mass of 1 mole of any substance in g/mol
What’s an equation linking mass , Mr & mole
Mole = Mass/Mr
What is molar gas volume
The volume of 1 mole of any gas at RTP
What’s the equation linking volume, mole & 24
Mole = volume/24
What’s an equation linking pressure, moles, volume, gas constant & temperature
PV = nRT
What’s an equation linking concentration, moles and volume
Moles = Concentration x volume
How to change mol/dm3 to g/dm3
mol/dm3 x Mr
Equation for Atom economy
Mr of desire / Mr of total product x 100
How to improve atom economy
• Find a use for by product • Don’t have to pay for disposal • better or the environment as it’s more sustainable and less use of finite resources and less waste going to landfill
How to calculate % yield
actual/ theory x 100
% purity
actual mass / impure mass x 100
Anhydrous
Contain no molecule of water of crystallisation
Hydrated
Contain molecule of water of crystallisation
Water of crystallisation
.xH2O part of the formula of a hydrates salt
Difference between atom economy and % yield
Atom economy is the % of atom used in desired products. % yield is the molar conversion of reactants to the product.
3 main reason for having % yield less than 100%
• by product • loss during transfer between equipment • incomplete reaction