Reactions between acids and bases
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two common laboratory acids
sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid
what is a strong acid
acids that break up (dissociate) almost completely when dissolved in water
common laboratory bases
sodium hydroxide (caustic soda-drain cleaner) , calcium hydroxide
neutralisation
the reaction between equal parts acid and equal parts base = neutral (salt and water)
an example of a neutralisation reaction (chemical equation)
hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide = sodium chloride + water HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O
Titration
The method of adding one solution from a burette to another solution in order to find out how much of the two solutions will just react with each other
titrate HCl against NaOH
Acid Above (burette) Base Below (pipette) use methyl orange as indicator, add acid until one drop turn it pink
what is in acid rain , where do they come from
sulfur dioxide from burning fossil fuels and nitrogen oxide from car emissions
acid rain damages ..
trees, fish and limestone, and washes away calcium from soil
solving problem of acid rain
limestone (base) is used to remove sulfur dioxide from power stations emissions • catalytic converters in cars remove harmful oxides of nitrogen in exhaust fumes • more renewable energy, less fossil fuels