3.2 Atoms and Ions
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proton relative mass and charge
mass - 1 charge - +1
neutron relative mass and charge
mass - 1 charge - 0
electron relative mass and charge
mass - 0.0005 charge - -1
where are protons and neutrons found
nucleus
where are electrons found
shells
atomic number
the number of protons/electrons (same) bottom number
mass number
the number of protons/electrons and neutrons top number
isotope definition
atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
How to calculate RAM (relative atomic mass)
(%abundance/100 x mass) + (%abundance/100 x mass) of each isotope
What does the row on the periodic table tell you
period = number of occupied electron shells
What does the column on the periodic table tell you
group = number of electrons in outer shell
Oxidation
loss of electrons
Reduction
gain of electrons
ionic structure
ions are arranged in a giant ionic lattice
ionic bonding definition
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
ionic bonding strength
very strong attraction
ionic compound melting point
ionic bonds are very strong there are lots of ionic bonds in a giant ionic lattice breaking these bonds require a large amount of energy
ionic compounds conductivity
solids - no conductivity, ions not free to move liquid/gas - high conductivity, ions can move freely and carry charge