Chemistry unit extra cards
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What are the five clues of a chemical reaction?
• odour produced • temperature change • colour change • bubble formation (gas is formed) • precipitate formed
What is the difference between a molecular compound and an ionic compound?
Ionic compounds are made up of a non-metal and a metal, whereas molecular compounds are made up of only non-metal atoms.
What is the difference between the bond of an ionic compound and that of a molecular compound?
In a ionic compound, the two elements have exchanged one or more electrons in order to both have full outer shells. In molecular compounds, the two atoms are sharing one or more electrons to have a full outer shell.
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom or group of ions.
How are ions formed?
Atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons
What are cations? How are they formed?
When METALS become ions by losing electrons, it means they have less electrons than protons. This means it has become positively charged, or a cation.
What are anions? How are they formed?
NON-METAL atoms gain electrons and become negatively charged, meaning they have more electrons than protons. By gaining enough electrons to fill their valence shell,they become anions.
What atoms don’t naturally form ions?
Noble inert gases, Boron, Carbon and Silicon
How do you know if an ionic formula is correct?
If the charges cancel each other out
What kind of charge attracts cations and anions to each other?
electrostatic charges
How do you determine ionic formulas?
Cross the charges, then Greatest Common Factor/GCF (take the charge of one ion and make it the subscript of the other)
What order do we write ions in for formulas?
Cation, then anion
How can we tell if something is a polyatomic ion?
If there are 2 or more capital letters in the formula
When do we put brackets around polyatomic ions?
If we are increasing the number of full polyatomic ions
What is Sn? Cu? Fe?
Sn - tin, Cu - copper, Fe - iron
How do we name ionic compounds? What if the anion is polyatomic?
Full name of the cation, then root of the anion with the added suffix ‘ide’. If the anion is polyatomic, leave it’s full name.
What are the main multivalent ions? What are their charges?
Iron, tin and copper. Cu - 1+, 2+. Fe - 2+, 3+. Sn - 2+, 4+
Do multivalent ion charges appear in their formulas?
We do not write the charges in formulas
How do we write multivalent ions in compound names?
We write them first, then put their charges in brackets in roman numerals
What has to be included in drawings of compounds?
Charges and electron transfers
How do we write oxygen’s name as a single ion in a covalent compound?
monoxide
How do we know if something is a molecular/covalent compound?
If it is entirely made up of non-metals, it is a covalent compound.
What is a covalent/molecular compound? How is on formed?
Molecular compounds are composed of 2 or more different non-metals. They are formed when atoms share at least one pair of electrons, forming a covalent bond.
Are molecular compounds neutral? Why or why not?
There is no transfer of electrons, so the atoms stay neutral and molecular compounds are therefore neutral.