C2.3 - Metals and Acids

metal chloride + hydrogen metal sulfate + hydrogen metal nitrate + hydrogen

1) Collect the gas in an empty test tube above the reaction tube (where you have done the experiment) 2) Light a splint 3) Put the splint in the test tube that contains the gas 4) If there is a squeaky pop, it is hydrogen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GqBl83Koig Watch up to 0:57

2Mg₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2MgO₍ₛ₎ 2Zn₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2ZnO₍ₛ₎ 2Fe₍ₛ₎ + O₂₍₉₎ → 2FeO₍ₛ₎ (s) - Solid (g) - Gas (l) - Liquid Note: Not required for this test (aq) - aqueous solution (dissolved in water)

2Zn + O₂ → 2ZnO 2Fe + 3Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃ Balancer: https://www.webqc.org/balance.php

Group 1: Alkali metals

Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

2Na₍ₛ₎ + 2H₂O₍ₗ₎ → 2NaOH₂₍aq₎ + H₂₍g₎

Please Stop Calling My Amazing Zebra In Class, She Grunts

Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Copper Silver Gold

MgO(s) + H₂(g) Magnesium oxide + hydrogen

Displacement is when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from its compound.

1) iron sulfate + copper 2) magnesium chloride + aluminium 3) no reaction

Exothermic - energy is transferred to the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings increases Endothermic - energy is taken from the surroundings, the temperature of the surroundings decrease https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2b2k2p/revision/1#:~:text=When%20a%20chemical%20reaction%20happens,many%20oxidation%20reactions

iron oxide + aluminium → iron + aluminium oxide 2Al(s) + Fe₂O₃(s) → Al₂O₃(s) + 2Fe(l) The reaction is exothermic so the iron melts

An ore is a metal combined with another element to form a compound.

1) Separate the metal from the compound it is mixed with 2) Use chemical reactions to extract the metal

Carbon

Electrolysis: Positively charged aluminium ions gain electrons from the cathode, and form molten aluminium Oxide ions lose electrons at the anode, and form oxygen molecules (idk wth this means, you don’t need to know it)

Physical Properties: Hard - can only be scratched by harder materials (search up Moh scale) Brittle - break easily Stiff - difficult to bend Solid at room temperature Strong when forces press on them Break easily when stretched Electrical insulators High melting points Chemical Properties: Do not react with water, acids or alkalis

A substance with very long molecules.

Synthetic: nylon - very strong, elastic and does not absorb water polystyrene poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) - third most used type of plastic polyethylene - most used type of plastic Natural: Wool Cotton Rubber

A composite is a mixture made of different materials to take advantage of both of their properties.

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic - made from carbon fibres and a gluelike synthetic polymer. Reinforced concrete - has a steel bar through the middle and has concrete around the sides. Glass-fibre-reinforced aluminium - made from thin layers of aluminium, layers of glass fibre and a gluelike polymer to join the layers.