Module 1
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
卡片预览 (24 张)
ENVIRONMENT From? Means?
French word - environner which means to surround, to encircle
Environment defined
The physical, living and non-living, surrounding of a society with which it has a reciprocal relationship.
Functions of Environment
• Source of Resource Inputs • Source of Amenity Services • Provides Life Support • Receptacle for Waste
4 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
PROVISIONING SERVICES CULTURAL SERVICES REGULATING SERVICES SUPPORTING SERVICES
The products directly obtained from ecosystems
PROVISIONING SERVICES
Provisioning Services:
Food Raw Materials Water Medicine
PROVISIONING SERVICES More than 90% of the calories consumed by people worldwide come from 80 plant species
Food
PROVISIONING SERVICES Ecosystems provide a great diversity of materials including wood, biofuels, and fibers from wild or cultivated plant and animal species.
Raw Materials
PROVISIONING SERVICES No water, no life. Ecosystems play a vital role in providing the flow and storage of fresh water.
Water
PROVISIONING SERVICES Natural ecosystems provide a variety of plants and mushrooms which offer effective cures for many kinds of health problems.
Medicine
Nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems
CULTURAL SERVICES
Cultural Services:
Recreation and mental and physical health Tourism Aesthetic Appreciation and Inspiration for Culture, Art and Design Spiritual Experience and Sense of Place
CULTURAL SERVICES Nature-based opportunities for recreation play an important role in maintaining mental and physical health, e.g. walking and playing sports in parks and urban green spaces.
RECREATION AND MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH
CULTURAL SERVICES Enjoyment of nature attracts millions of travelers worldwide. This cultural ecosystem service includes both benefits to visitors and income opportunities for nature tourism service providers
Tourism
CULTURAL SERVICES Animals, plants and ecosystems have been the source of inspiration for much of our arts, culture, and design; they increasingly inspire science as well.
AESTHETIC APPRECIATION AND INSPIRATION FOR CULTURE, ART AND DESIGN
CULTURAL SERVICES Nature is a common element in most major religions. Natural heritage, spiritual sense of belonging, traditional knowledge, and associated customs are important for creating a sense of belonging.
SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE AND SENSE OF PLACE
The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes
REGULATING SERVICES
Regulating Services:
Local Climate Air Quality Carbon Sequestration and Storage Moderation of Extreme Events Waste Water Treatment Erosion Preventions and Maintenance of Soil Fertility Pollination Biological Control Regulation of Water Flow
REGULATING SERVICES Ecosystems influence the local climate and air quality.
LOCAL CLIMATE AIR QUALITY
REGULATING SERVICES Ecosystems regulate the global climate by storing greenhouse gases.
CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND STORAGE
REGULATING SERVICES Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural disasters. They reduce damage from floods, storms, tsunamis, avalanches, landslides and droughts.
MODERATION OF EXTREME EVENTS
REGULATING SERVICES Ecosystems such as wetlands filter effluents, decompose waste through the biological activity of microorganisms, and eliminate harmful pathogens.
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
REGULATING SERVICES Vegetation cover prevents soil erosion and ensures soil fertility through natural biological processes such as nitrogen fixation
EROSION PREVENTION AND MAINTENANCE OF SOIL FERTILITY
REGULATING SERVICES Insects and wind pollinate plants and trees which is essential for the development of fruits, vegetables and seeds.
POLLINATION