Respiratory System- Physiology
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during inhalation….
active force, muscles contract, expand the thoracic cavity
in inhalation- lung volume __, alveolar pressure ___
lung volume up, alveolar pressure down
during exhalation
passive force, muscles relax
in exhalation __ thoracic cavity, ___ lung volume, ___ alveolar pressure
down thoracic cavity, down lung volume, up alveolar pressure
max usable volume of air that can be inhaled from rest and exhaled to the end of breath
Vital capacity
amount of air exhaled from rest 40%
resting volume
amount of air inhaled/exhaled during respiration
tidal volume
amount of air that can be inhaled beyond one tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be exhaled beyond one tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume
amount of air left in the lung after max exhalation
residual volume
passive force is the result of ___
elastic recoil
elastic recoil is related to ____
volume of air inhaled
3 mechanics of inhalation
• rib cage raised against gravity • viscera compressed by the diaphragm • alveolar sacs inflated against surf tension
3 mechanics of elastic recoil
• gravity rib cage down • alveolar sacs recoil • abdominal viscera rebound push diaphram up vol down pressure up
vital capacity for quiet breathing
10-15% above resting so 50-55%
vital capacity for conversational speech
20-25% above resting so 60-65%
vital capacity for loud speech
40+% above resting so 80+%
2 requirements for air pressure in speech breathing
loudness, speech prosody
alveolar air pressure for soft speech
3-6 cm H20
alveolar air pressure for conversational speech
7-10 com H20
alveolar air pressure for loud speech
11-80 cm H20
what is speech prosody?
patterns of stress and intonation
Changes in pitch are changes in what system?
phonotory
changes in duration are changes in what system?
articulatory