Ethers, Eloxide And Thioethers
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What are ethers ?
Compounds of formula R-O-R’ where R and R’ can be alkyl groups or aryl groups
What are the applications of ether ?
Good solvent for reactions and extractions Volatile starting fluid for diesel and gasoline engines Surgical anesthetic but highly flammable
What is the structure of ethers?
A bent structure with an sp3 hybrid oxygen atom giving a nearly tetrahedral bond angle
What is the bond angle of dimethyl ether ?
110
What is the physical property of ethers ?
Ethers are ideally suited as solvents for what ?
Many organic reactions as they dissolve a wide range of polar and non polar substances
Non polar substances tend to be more soluble in what ?
Ethers because they don’t have hydrogen bonding network to be broken up by the non polar molecule
What are epoxides?
Three-membered cyclic ethers, usually formed by peroxyacid oxidation of the corresponding alkenes
What is the least common cyclic ether?
Oxetanes → four-membered
What is oxolane ?
Five-membered ring containing an oxygen atom
What is the difference between tetrahydrofuran and furan ?
The saturated five-membered cyclic ether has four additional hydrogen atoms
What is the application of tetrahydrofuran ?
Non-hydroxylic organic solvent for polar reagents
What is pyran (oxane)?
Six-membered cyclic ether containing an oxygen atom
What are dioxanes
Heterocyclic ethers with two oxygen atoms in six-membered ring
What is the least expensive method for synthesizing simple symmetrical ethers ?
Acid catalyzed bimolecular condensation
What is cleavage of ether reaction ?
Ethers heated with HBr or HI to give alkyl bromides or alkyl iodides
What is autoxidation reaction ?
Autoxidation
What are thioethers ?
Ethers with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom Also called sulfides
What is the difference between thioethers and ethers?
Thioethers can undergo oxidation and alkylation of the sulfur atom
What is the acidity of thioethers ?
What is reactivity of thioethers ?
What is the application of ethers?
Anesthetic Radioactive cleanup