Organic Mechanisms

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to alcohol

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Nucleophilic Substitution Reagents: - Aqueous potassium hydroxide Condition: - Heat under reflux

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to nitrile

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Nucleophilic Substitution Reagent: - Ethanolic potassium cyanide Condition: - Heat under reflux

Front (Question)

Haloalkane to amine

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Nucleophilic Substitution Reagent: - Ethanolic ammonia Condition: - Heat under pressure

Front (Question)

Friedel Crafts Acylation

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Electrophilic Substitution Reagent: • AlCl₃ • Acyl Chloride Condition: - Reflux Change in functional group: - Benzene –> Phenyl ketone

Front (Question)

Nitration of Benzene

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Electrophilic Substitution Reagent: • Concentrated HNO₃ • Concentrated H₂SO₄ Change in functional group: - Benzene –> Nitrobenzene

Front (Question)

Reduction of Nitrobenzene

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Reduction Reagent: • Sn or Fe • HCl Condition: - Heat Change in functional group: - Nitrobenzene –> Phenylamine

Front (Question)

Acyl Chloride reactions

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Nucleophilic Addition Elimination Reagent: • Water • Alcohol • Ammonia • Primary Amine Condition: - Room Temperature

Front (Question)

Reagent for the formation of a carboxylic acid from an acyl chloride (1)

Back (Answer)

Water

Front (Question)

Reagent for the formation of a ester from an acyl chloride (1)

Back (Answer)

Alcohol

#10

Front (Question)

Reagent for the formation of a primary amide from an acyl chloride (1)

Back (Answer)

Ammonia

#11

Front (Question)

Reagent for the formation of a secondary amide from an acyl chloride (1)

Back (Answer)

Primary Amine

#12

Front (Question)

Halogenoalkane –> alkene

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Elimination Reagent: - KOH (base) in ethanol Condition: - Heat

#13

Front (Question)

Synthesis of halogenoalkanes

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Free Radical Substitution Reagent: - Halogen Condition: - UV Light

#14

Front (Question)

Condition for Electrophilic Addition

Back (Answer)

• Room Temperature

#15

Front (Question)

Industrial Hydration

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: - Electrophilic Addition Reagent: - Concentrated H3PO4 Condition: - Heat temperature + pressure Change in functional group: - Alkene –> Alcohol

#16

Front (Question)

Dehydration of alcohols

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: Elimination Reagent: concentrated phosphoric acid Conditions: Heat under reflux Change in functional group: Alcohol –> Alkene

#17

Front (Question)

Reagents for oxidation of alcohols

Back (Answer)

Potassium Dichromate + dilute H2SO4

#18

Front (Question)

Condition for conversion of alcohol to aldehyde

Back (Answer)

Heat + Distillation

#19

Front (Question)

Condition for conversion of alcohol to carboxylic acid

Back (Answer)

Heat under reflux

#20

Front (Question)

Condition for conversion of alcohol to ketone

Back (Answer)

Heat under reflux

#21

Front (Question)

Reduction of carbonyls

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition Regaent: NaBH4 in aqueous ethanol Conditions: Room temperature and pressure Change in functional group: Aldehyde/Ketone –> Alcohol

#22

Front (Question)

Formation of hydroxynitriles

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Addition Reagents: NaCN and dilute H2SO4 Conditions: Room temperature and pressure Change in functional group: Aldehyde/Ketone –> hydroxynitrile

#23

Front (Question)

Formation of a quaternary ammonium salt:

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Substitution Reagents: Excess Halogenoalkane + Ethanolic Ammonia Conditions: Heat under pressure

#24

Front (Question)

Formation of a polyamide:

Back (Answer)

Mechanism: Condensation Polymerisation Reagents: Dicarboxylic acid + diamine OR Diacylchloride + diamine