Chemistry In Society: Metals
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What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons.
What product do you get when you react a metal with oxygen?
A metal oxide
What product do you get when you react a metal with water?
A metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What product do you get when you react a metal with a dilute acid?
Salt + hydrogen
What is a reduction?
The gain of electrons by a reactant in any reaction
What is an oxidation?
The loss of electrons by a reactant in any reaction
What is a redox reaction?
In a redox reaction, reduction and oxidation take place at the same time.
What happens during the extraction of a metal?
A metal ion is reduced forming a metal atom
For what metals can heat alone be enough to extract?
Silver, gold and mercury
For what metals is heat with carbon needed to extract?
Copper, lead, tin, iron and zinc
For what metals is electrolysis required to extract?
More reactive metals (including aluminium)
What is electrolysis?
Decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity.
What power supply must be used during electrolysis?
A d.c power supply
What is an electrolyte?
Electrically conducting solutions containing ions
What is the purpose of an ion bridge?
An ‘ion bridge’ (salt bridge) can be used to link the half-cells. Ions can move across the bridge to complete an electrical circuit.
Which way do electrons flow in an electrochemical cell?
Electrons flow from the element higher in the electrochemical series to the element lower in the electrochemical series.
What are 3 methods of extracting metals from ores?
Heat only, heat with carbon and electrolysis
Why is a D.C power supply used in electrolysis?
To allow the products to form at separate electrodes and therefore be identified.
What happens to the voltage in an electrochemical cell when metals are further apart in the electrochemical series?
The voltage becomes higher