bio quiz 4/9

study of genes

variation of a gene

trait or allele that masks the expression of another, recessive allele (DD or Dd)

a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous

two identical alleles

two different versions of a gene

genetic makeup of an organism, or the combination of genes it inherits from its parents

set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment (physical traits)

individual who possesses a genetic variant (allele) associated with a disease or trait, but doesn’t exhibit symptoms of that condition, and can pass the allele to their offspring

diagram that visually represents the inheritance of a specific trait or disorder through generations of a family, using standardized symbols to denote individuals and their relationships

neither allele for a trait is fully dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of both homozygous phenotypes EX: pink flowers from red and white flowers

both alleles of a gene are expressed in a heterozygous individual, resulting in both traits being visible or expressed simultaneously, rather than one masking the other

gene having more than two alternative forms (alleles) within a population

a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

characteristic determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y), resulting in potentially different inheritance patterns in males and females

characteristics influenced by multiple genes, rather than a single gene, and often exhibit continuous variation

Austrian Biologist, “father of modern genetics”, studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants, bred pea plants and observed the pattern of inheritance

genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait

Father of genetics

Mendel studied and breed pea plants to find out about the patterns of inheritance, and he concluded that traits are inherited as discrete units (now known as genes) that come in pairs, one from each parent, and that these traits can be dominant or recessive

extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case

situation where both alleles of a gene are expressed in a heterozygous individual, resulting in both traits being visible or expressed simultaneously, rather than one masking the other

neither allele for a trait is fully dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend or intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes