Chapter 16
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During cell communication, what happens during Reception?
-target cells detect signals received from outside the cell -signal molecule binds to cellular protein ( at surface or inside cell)
What is a ligand?
A signal molecule
During cell communication, what happens during Transduction?
-receptor protein change -transduction initiates -A signal is converted to a form that can cause specific responses
During cell communication, what happens during Response?
The signal that was transduced causes the specific cell activity -enzyme catalyzes response that rearranges cytoskeleton to activate specified genes in nucleus
What are the 2 receptor locations
• Cell Surface Receptors • Intracellular Receptors
Majority of signal molecules act via which receptor
Cell surface receptor
Cell Surface receptors respond to what kind of signal molecules?
Hydrophilic Receptor Molecules
Intracellular Receptors bind what?
Hormones (eg: coritsol, estradiol, testosterone, thyroxine, etc)
What are the 3 kinds of cell surface receptors?
• Ion Channel Protein Receptors 2.G Protein Coupled Receptors • Enzyme Coupled Receptors
What are the 2 second messenger cascades?
• cAMP • IP3/DAG
What does Ca2+ trigger the release of
The release of vesicles containing Neurotransmitters
In skeletal muscles cells, Ca2+ release causes what mechanism?
Muscle Contraction
In Secretory cells, the release of Ca2+ causes what mechanism?
Secretion
What is the most common Ca2+ responsive protein?
Calmodulin
Ca2+ binding with calmodulin causes what?
-a conformational change and the wrapping around target protein
in Enzyme Coupled Receptor has an intracellular domain. What does this domain act as?
an Enzyme
What is the largest class of Enzyme Coupled Receptor?
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinase)
What activates RTKs?
Dimerization
What is Dimerization?
the process where 2 identical molecules/subunits come together to form a dimer (complex of 2 linked parts)
What is Dimerization in the context of signals/receptors
Dimerization is where 2 signal molecules bring 2 receptor units together