Periodic Table - Facts
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What are the relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Proton: 1, Neutron: 1, Electron: 0
What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Proton: 1, Neutron: 0, Electron: -1
What is the structure of the atom?
Nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
The number of protons equals the number of electrons
How are electrons arranged in an atom?
In energy levels or shells around the nucleus
Who discovered the electron?
Thomson
Who discovered the proton?
Rutherford
Who discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.
An atom is a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded within
Describe Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom.
Mostly empty space, small, dense positive nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons
What improvement did Bohr make to the model of the atom?
Electrons occupy shells at fixed distances
What was done in the alpha scattering experiment?
Alpha particles were shot at thin gold foil
What are the 3 observations from the alpha scattering experiment?
• Most particles passed straight through • Some were deflected at small angles • A few were bounced back
What are the 3 conclusions from the alpha scattering experiment?
• Atoms are mostly empty space • There is a small, dense nucleus • Nucleus is positively charged
What is the name of the group 1 metals?
Alkali metals
What is the name of the central block of metals?
Transition metals
What is the name of the group 7 non-metals?
Halogens
What is the name of the group 0 non-metals?
Noble gases
Where are metals found on the periodic table
Left
What is the relationship between group number and outer electron number?
Group number equals the number of outer electrons
What is the relationship between period number and electron shell number?
Period number equals the number of electron shells
What is the equation that links relative mass, protons, and neutrons?
Relative mass = Protons + Neutrons
How is the modern periodic table ordered?
By increasing atomic number
How were the early periodic tables ordered?
By increasing atomic weight