Unit 3-Metals
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Every metal conducts electricity. Explain.
In metallic bonding, the outer electrons are delocalised (free to move). This means an electrical current can flow through metallic materials.
What is metallic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
What is the word equation for when metals react with water?
metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What are the word, balanced chemical and ionic equations when magnesium reacts with water?
magnesium + water → magnesium hydroxide + hydrogen Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2 Mg(s) + 2H2O → Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)
What is the word equation for when metals react with oxygen?
metal + oxygen → metal oxide
What are the word, balanced chemical and ionic equations when zinc (II) oxide is formed?
zinc+ oxygen → zinc (II) oxide 2Zn+ O2 → 2ZnO 2Zn(s) + O2(g) → 2Zn2+O2-(s)
What is the word equation for when metals react with acid?
metal + acid→ metal salt + hydrogen
What are the word equation, balanced formula and ionic equations for lithium reacting with hydrochloric acid?
lithium + hydrochloric acid → lithium chloride + hydrogen 2Li + 2HCl → 2LiCl + H2 2Li(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) → 2Li+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + H2(g) Without spectator ions 2Li(s) + 2H+(aq) → 2Li+(aq) + H2(g)
How can metals be arranged in order of reactivity?
By comparing how quickly they react with water or dilute acids.
How are soluble salts made using metals?
Add excess metal to acid, filter off the excess metal, then evaporate the filtrate to dryness.
Describe how unreactive metals can be extracted from their ores.
Extracted by heat alone.
Describe how metals in the middle of electrochemical series can be extracted from their ores.
Heating with carbon or carbon monoxide.
Describe how unreactive metals can be extracted from their ores.
Electrolysis
What happens to metal ions during extraction?
Metal ions are reduced to form metal atoms.
Electrolysis definition.
The decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity.
Why must a DC supply be used in electrolysis?
In order for the products can be identified.
In electrolysis, what happens at the negative electrode?
Positive ions gain electrons (reduction).
In electrolysis, what happens at the positive electrode?
Negative ions lose electrons (oxidation).
Describe how an electrochemical cell is set up.
A simple cell can be made by placing two metals in an electrolyte and connecting using wires.
What is meant by a half cell?
A metal in a solution of its own ions.
What name is given to the device used to link half‑cells and complete the circuit?
Ion bridge (salt bridge)
What is an electrolyte?
A solution that conducts electricity because it contains ions.
What electrode is used in half‑cells that do not involve metals?
A graphite rod.
Different pairs of metals produce different voltages. How can we predict the size of voltage?
The further apart the metals are in the electrochemical series, the greater the voltage.