HL B2.2 The Nucleus and Endoplasmic Reticulum
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What is the function of the nucleus?
Stores DNA, controls gene expression, and coordinates cell activities like transcription and replication.
Why does the nuclear membrane break down during mitosis and meiosis?
To allow replicated chromosomes to move into new cells or gametes, then reforms afterward.
What are nuclear pores?
Protein complexes that allow mRNA and other molecules to pass between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes?
Free ribosomes: synthesize proteins for use inside the cell. Bound ribosomes (rER): synthesize proteins for secretion or incorporation into membranes.
What is the function of the rough ER?
Protein synthesis, folding, and initial modification (e.g., glycosylation).
What is the function of the smooth ER?
Lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.