Nervous System Physiology
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What is stimuli
Changes in the internal or external environment
Types of stimuli
Mechanical Chemical Electrical
What is the membrane transport protein called
The sodium-potassium pump
What side of the cell is Na+ concentration higher
Outside the cell
What side of the cell is K+ concentration higher
Inside the cell
How many of what are moved in or out of the sodium-potassium pump
3 Na+ are moved out for every 2 K+ moved in
Chemically what is there more of inside and outside of the cell
Outside - more sodium Inside - more potassium & proteins
Electrically is it more positive inside or outside of a neuron
More positive outside and negative inside
A neuron not conducting a nerve impulse is..
Resting
What is the resting membrane potential
-70mV
What does it mean by a polarised membrane
Difference - has positive and negative sides
What does voltage gated ion channels mean
That only stimulation via voltage will open or close the gate of the channel
What’s a synapse
Junction between two neurons
What’s the three types of synapses
Axodendritic synapses Axoaxonal synapses Axosomatic synapses
What is the refractory period
Neuron unresponsive
Which ion moves into a neuron as when an action potential arrives at the axonal terminal?
Calcium Ca+
What happens when calcium enters the axonal terminal
Synaptic vesicles move to the synapse and release neuron transmitters. Some will bind to post synaptic neuron
What happens to neurotransmitter molecules released by the pre-synaptic neuron
They diffuse across the synaptic cleft
What does the neurotransmitter molecule do
Fits into receptor on a chemically gated ion Channel to open it. It stays fitted temporarily, is released from receptor site on channel. The neurotransmitter molecule is either destroyed by enzymes, removed by blood or reabsorbed (recycled, reuptake)
What is cholinergic
Neurons that secrete acetylcholine (ACh) or receptors that bind ACh
What is adrenergic
Neurons that secrete noradrenaline or receptors that bind noradrenaline
What is a ganglion
A collection of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral NS Where one neuron synapses with another neuron in the PNS
What is the sympathetic NS
Flight and fright
What is the parasympathetic NS
Resting and digesting