C3- Structure And Bonding
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Elements react together to form compounds by gaining or losing electrons or by _________ electrons
Sharing
How are ionic compounds held together?
By strong forces of attraction between thie roppositely charged ions
A solid turns into a liquid at its __________
Melting point
The hotter the gass is the _______ the particles move
Faster
What is the pressure of a gas caused by?
The particles colliding with the sides of the container. The more frequent and energetic the collisions, thr higher thr pressure of gas.
In a sealed container the pressure of gas_____ with temperature
Increases
The hotter the solid is, the ____ its particles vibrate
Faster
Liquid turns to gas at ________ point
Boiling
As the _________ rises, more and more energy is transferred from the sorroundings to the particles and the particles escape from the surface of the liquid, the rate of evaporation increases.
Temperature
___________ are formed in changes of state
No new substances
What affects the arrangements of particles?
The temperature
When you monitor the temperature of a soild as you heat it beyond its melting point what happens?
The temperature stops rising at the solid’s melting point. • the tempurature remains constant until the solid has melted • only then the tempurature starts to rise again
What happens at a solids melting point?
Enougg energy is transferred from the surroundings to the solid for the forces between particles in the solid to break. -this enables particles to break away from their fixed positions and start moving around
What does the simple particle model show?
Particles are made up of solid spheres with no forces operating between them
What is the particle model useful for?
Comparing the properties of solids, liquids and gases.
In melting and boiling, energy is transferred from the _______ to the ________
• Surroundings 2. Substance
In freezing and condensing energy is transferred from the _______ to the ________
• Substance 2. Surroundings
What does a compound contain?
Two or more elements that are chemically combined
The noble gases have an arrangement of electrons that make them__.
Stable
What is ionic bonding?
Transferring electrons
What is covalent bonding?
Sharing electrons
You lose electrons to form____
Positive ions
You gain electrons to form?
Negative ions
Metal atom which tend to _____ electrons react with non-metal atoms which tend to _______ electrons
• Lose 2. Gain