Unit 3 Medications

-Be familiar with drug names, routes of administration -Why? • Help prevent errors • Anticipate side effects • Report signs of adverse side effects

atomic or molecular structure CN- (4hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

nonproprietary, official; drugs of a particular class usually have the same ending

proprietary or trade name given by manufacturer

study of how the body processes the drug. Individual responses can vary depending on age, physical condition, gender, weight, immune status Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion

how the medication moves from route of administration to circulation • Oral (by mouth)- GI • IM/SQ – Blood vessels • IV- None

how the body transforms drug into inactive form for excretion • Liver

how the drug travels from bloodstream to target tissue and site of action

elimination from the body after metabolized • Kidneys • Intestines, lungs

-study of the effects of drugs on the normal physiological functions of the body -Agonist, Antagonist

promotes desired result and produces a specific action

drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting.

• Medications to treat allergic reactions (contrast) • Analgesics/opiods – for pain • Sedatives, tranquilizers, paralytic agents- reduce mental activity/anxiety • Antagonist-reversal of sedatives and analgesics • Local anesthetics- eliminate sensation during procedures • Anticoagulants- inhibit clotting mechanism

pain

reduce mental activity/anxiety

reversal of sedatives and analgesics

eliminate sensation during procedures

inhibit clotting mechanism

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) -Antihistamine, side effects: sedative, anticholinergic (drying) • Epinephrine (Adrenalin) -Stimulates heart and parasympathetic nervous system administered for angioedema, shock, respiratory distress • Methylprednisolone (solu-Medrol) -corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory prevents swelling of bronchial tree • Atropine (Anticholinergic) -Used for bradycardia

• Drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness -NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs • Acetaminophen (tylenol) • Aspirin • Ibuprofen (advil)

• Act by depressing the CNS, relieving pain, producing drowsiness • Oral: Hydrocodone (Vicodin), Oxycodone (Percocet) • Injectable: morphine sulfate, meperidine (Demerol), hydromorphone, Hydrochloride (dilaudid), fentanyl (sublimaze) • Naloxone (Narcan) antagonist to opioids • Side effect: respiratory depression, monitor with pulse ox

• Quieting effect, reduce anxiety and mental tension Patients may feel drowsy, have slow reaction time • Benzodiazepines • Lorazepam(Ativan) • Diazepam(valium) • Midazolam(versed) • Flumazenil (Romazicon) antagonist to benzodiazepines