CH 2 Cells Make Up the Human Body

A process that requires energy

the use of energy to move substances across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient

two layers that make up a single membrane

the muscle that forms the wall of the heart

transport of ions or molecules across a cell membrane by special carrier proteins

a protein that carries substances from one side of the cell to another

a membrane that forms the outside boundary of a cell

the principle that all living things are made up of cells and the materials produced by cells

the chemical reactions that make energy available for the cell

a protein that allows ions water and small molecules to pass through the cell membrane

One of the 46 rodlike structures that are in the nucleus of a human cell that carry genetic information composed of nucleic acids and proteins

hair like projections on the outside of the cell that beat to move the whole cell or material across the cell surface - short and numerous projections

the number of particles in a given volume

a difference in concentration of solution

tissues providing support for the body organs

the contents of a cell not including the nucleus

internal scaffolding of protein fibres within the cytoplasm of a cell

the liquid part of the cytoplasm

a molecule in the nucleus of a cell that determines the types of proteins it can make

a membrane that allows the passage of certain substances but restricts the passage of others

• the movement of particles of a liquid or gas so that they are evenly distributed over the available space • net movement of ions or molecules from high to low concentration until they are evenly distributed

• The process in which a cell takes in materials by an folding and enclosing on them • this includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

• a network of membranes forming channels through the cytoplasm of a cell • used for storage, support, synthesis and transport within a cell • their surface provides an area for chemical reactions to occur

tissue that forms the outer part of the skin and Lions hollow organs and ducts